React VS Angular

History of Angular and React

Angular is a language for JavaScript, written in TypeScript. It has been developed and maintained by Google, and is defined on Angular's web page as "Superheroic JavaScript MVWFramework." When first released in September 2016, Angular (version 2 and above) is a full rewrite of AngularJS (announced in October 2010).Around the time of writing, the most recent big update is version 6. Google AdWords, one of Google's most significant projects, uses Angular – and Angular will possibly be around for some time.

React is a library of JavaScript which Facebook develops and maintains. It was released in March 2013 and is described as "a JavaScript user interface library." At Facebook, Respond is used even more than Angular is at Google if there is any hint of how much Facebook is betting on this technology. You may also infer from this metric that React will be around for a very long time to come.

Architecture of react and Angular

There are many similarities and many variations between Angular and React. One is that Angular is a complete MVC system, and React is merely a JavaScript Library (just the view). Let me explain. Angular is called a system, as it gives strong opinions about how to organize the program. This also has much more "out of the box" features.You don't have to determine which libraries to use routing or any such considerations-you can just start coding. A downside, however, is that you have less versatility-you have to use what Angular offers.

Angular offers "out of box" as follows:


  • Templates, based on an extended version of HTML
  • XSS protection
  • Dependency injection
  • Ajax requests by @angular/HTTP
  • Routing, provided by @angular/router
  • Component CSS encapsulation
  • Utilities for unit-testing components.
  • @angular/forms for building forms
React On the other hand gives you a lot more flexibility. It just offers the MVC "view"-you have to solve the M and C on your own. Because of this, you can pick any of your own libraries as you think fit. You are going to end up using loads of independent, fast-moving libraries. For this purpose you will have to take care of the related changes and migrations by yourself.Additionally, each React project is different and needs a decision involving the hierarchy and architecture of its folder. This is because of this that things will go wrong much better.

React gives "out of the box" as follows:


  • Instead of classic templates, it has JSX, an XML-like language built on top of JavaScript
  • XSS protection
  • No dependency injection
  • Fetch for Ajax requests
  • Utilities for unit-testing components


Some popular libraries to add functionality are:


  • React-router for routing
  • Redux or MobX for state management
  • Enzyme for additional testing utilities
Regular DOM and Virtual DOM

React is so fast because of it's virtual DOM. When you want to update something a virtual DOM looks at the differences of previous and current HTML and only updates the required part. GIT has a similar method like this.

Angular uses a regular DOM. This will update the entire tree structure of HTML until it reaches the specific part to be updated. If we deal with many requests on the same page it will affects the performance and user experince. The app will get slow due to this matter.

Data Binding

Angular uses two-way binding.   If you change the UI element (a user input) in Angular, for example, then the corresponding model state also changes. In addition, if you change the state of the model, the UI element will change.

React, however, has only one-way binding . First, the state of the model is changed, and then it returns the UI item modification. However, the model state DOES NOT change if you change the UI variable. You have to work it out to yourself. Some rising ways are via callbacks or libraries for state administration

TypeScript and JavaScript

You'll need to get familiar with TypeScript if you want to use Angular. TypeScript is a statically typed language, meaning you have to specify the type of variable (string, number, list, etc). It is simply a transpiler that compiles TypeScript to JavaScript code, which also means that in a TypeScript file you can write ES5 code.The aim of TypeScript is to ensure that programmers with an Object Oriented Programming (OOP) context have a smooth transition. Also released during the ES5 era was TypeScript, and during that time ES5 was not an OOP language based on class.JavaScript has evolved and accumulated many great changes. You have modules, classes, spread operators, arrow functions, template literals and more with ES6. It helps developers to write declarative code while providing a true OOP language (i.e., including class-based structure) characteristics.However, an advantage of TypeScript is that it provides more consistency in examples found online. You should probably also be aware that you may use Flow to allow type checking within your React project. It is a static type checker for JavaScript, created by Facebook. If you want to do so, you can also use TypeScript as part of your React project (although it is not used natively).

Usage in mobile Apps

Ionic is a hybrid mobile app development framework. It uses a Cordova container built in with Angular. Ionic offers a comprehensive library of UI components with which hybrid mobile applications are easy to set up and create. The resulting app on a device, however, is simply a web app within a container of native Web view. The apps can be sluggish and laggy, because of this.

React Native is a platform built by Facebook that uses React to build truly native mobile applications. The syntax is slightly different but much more similarities than differences exist. Unlike Ionic, which is essentially a glorified web application, React Native provides a fully native user interface. It also helps you to build and connect your own components to native code written in Objective-C, Java.

Testing in React and Angular

Facebook uses Jest to test the React code. It is included in each React project and includes the use of zero configuration. It also contains a strong library of mocking. Jest is sometimes used in combination with Enzyme (a JavaScript testing utility used in Airbnb).

Jasmine is a testing framework which can be applied to Angular.   In my view, the output is very noisy and hard to read.

Learning of React and Angular

React:
You have to learn JSX, how to write components, manage internal state and how to use props for configuration. After learning the basics you should learn a routing library and state management with Redux or Mobx.

Angular:
Angular has many things to learn. Basics are directives, modules, decorators, components, services, dependency injection, pipes, and templates. And then the advanced topics such as change detection, zones, AoT compilation, and Rx.js. So React is easier to learn than Angular.

Companies using React and Angular

React:

  • Facebook
  • Airbnb
  • Uber
  • Netflix
  • Instagram
  • WhatsApp
  • Dropbox
Angular:

  • Google
  • Nike
  • Forbes
  • Upwork
  • General Motors
  • HBO
  • Sony
Conclusion

React and Angular are some of the best technologies in software development. It is your responsibility to select one according to your requirement to develop a system.

                                                        

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